Embryology Facility

An embryology facility is a specialized laboratory where gametes (sperm and eggs) are handled, fertilized, and cultured to develop into embryos. It serves as the hub for procedures that aid conception, including egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, cryopreservation, and genetic testing.

What is an Embryology Facility Used For?

Gamete Handling and Fertilization

Collecting and processing sperm and eggs. , Fertilizing eggs via conventional insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Embryo Culture

Growing fertilized eggs (zygotes) into embryos in a controlled environment.

Cryopreservation

Freezing sperm, eggs, or embryos for future use using vitrification techniques.

Embryo Transfer

Preparing and transferring viable embryos into the uterus for implantation.

Genetic Testing

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to screen embryos for chromosomal abnormalities or inherited conditions.

Research and Innovation

Conducting studies to improve success rates in ART.

When Do You Need an Embryology Facility?

  • Couples with Infertility Issues: When natural conception fails due to male, female, or unexplained infertility.
  • Advanced Maternal Age: For women above 35 years with reduced ovarian reserve.
  • Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: To identify and transfer genetically normal embryos.
  • Severe Male Factor Infertility: When sperm count or motility is significantly low.
  • Preservation of Fertility: For individuals undergoing cancer treatments or planning delayed parenthood.

Steps in an Embryology Process

Ovarian Stimulation

Hormonal medications stimulate ovaries to produce multiple eggs.

Egg Retrieval

A minor surgical procedure performed under sedation to collect mature eggs.

Sperm Collection and Processing

Sperm is collected and processed to ensure quality for fertilization.

Fertilization

Eggs and sperm are combined in the lab (IVF) or through ICSI (injected directly into the egg).

Embryo Culture

Fertilized eggs are monitored for 3–5 days as they grow into embryos.

Genetic Testing (Optional)

Embryos may undergo testing to ensure they are chromosomally normal.

Embryo Transfer

Selected embryos are transferred to the uterus for implantation.

Cryopreservation (Optional)

Extra embryos are frozen for future cycles if necessary.

Advantages of an Embryology Facility

  • Controlled Environment: Advanced labs mimic natural conditions for embryo development.
  • Expertise: Skilled embryologists ensure high success rates.
  • Advanced Testing: Genetic screening reduces the risk of inherited disorders.
  • Customisation: Tailored protocols improve individual outcomes.
  • Fertility Preservation: Options like egg and embryo freezing provide flexibility for future family planning.

Risks Involved in Embryology Procedures

  • Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): Can occur from medications used in egg retrieval.
  • Multiple Pregnancies: Higher risk with the transfer of multiple embryos.
  • Embryo Damage: Rarely, embryos may not survive freezing or thawing.
  • Psychological Stress: The process can be emotionally and mentally taxing.
  • No Guarantee of Success: Even with advanced techniques, pregnancy rates are not 100%.

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